Clinical analysis of 11 patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma in maxillofacial region / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma. Methods: A total of 11 patients with maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2010 to July 2022 were retrospectively enrolled, including 8 males and 3 females, aged (65.2±9.5) years (ranged from 49 to 87 years), with a disease course of 0.5 to 6.0 months. The clinicopathological data including head and neck CT, MRI and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: Submandibular gland and maxilla were involved in 3 cases, parapharynx in 2 cases, and face, tongue root and soft palate in 1 case respectively. Clinically, the initial symptom is a rapidly growing painless or tender mass, which may be accompanied by restricted mouth opening, dysphagia, and local numbness after invasion of masticatory muscles and nerves. The tumors were all invasive and low-density, with unclear boundaries from the surrounding tissues. Among the patients, 9 received surgical treatment, and 5 received adjuvant treatment after surgery (2 received chemotherapy, 3 received radiotherapy+chemotherapy). According to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors in 2022, there were 1 case (1/11) with poorly differentiated large cells and 10 cases (10/11) with poorly differentiated small cells. Histologically, the macrocell type is composed of large cells with rough chromatin, obvious vacuolar nucleolus, protruding nucleolus, and necrosis. The small cell type is dominated by small blue round cells with neuroendocrine characteristics, with active growth and multifocal necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and synaptophysin (Syn) were diffusively expressed, 10 cases expressed CD56, 8 cases expressed p63, 6 cases expressed weakly punctated chromograin-A (CgA), and S-100 was not expressed. The Ki-67 index ranges from 20 to 90 percent. By the end of follow-up (0.5 to 127.0 months), 3 patients were alive, and the mean progression-free survival (21.0 months) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy patients was significantly longer than that of surgery and/or chemotherapy alone (3.3 months). Conclusions: Maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma is characterized by low differentiation of small cells, high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Radical surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy has better local control effect.

Preliminary study on the biological characteristics of intestinal flora in IgA nephropathy based on high-throughput sequencing / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To study the structure and diversity of intestinal flora in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients, and to explore the correlation of intestinal microorganisms with clinical indicators and renal pathology.Methods:Fifteen IgAN patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from May 2020 to September 2020 were retrospectively enrolled as IgAN group, and 8 healthy families and 7 health checkups were enrolled as healthy control group. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was performed for DNA sequencing in the 16S rDNA-V4 region of all bacteria in the feces sample. QIIME 2 was used to process and analyze original sequence, compared with Greengenes (V138) database. The DADA2 software was called to denoise the data, which was equivalent to a 100% similarity cluster (OTU was a 97% similarity cluster). PCoA was used to analyze the structure and diversity of intestinal flora. Spearman correlation or Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of differential flora with renal pathology and clinical indicators.Results:(1) The intestinal microbial β diversity in IgAN patients was significantly different from that in healthy controls ( P=0.010). (2) Compared with the healthy control group, the numbers of intestinal flora species in IgAN group were significantly increased in 1 phylum, 3 families and 22 genus. At the levels from phylum to family, the species numbers of Firmicutes and Ruminococcaceae in IgAN patients reduced than those in healthy controls and the species numbers of Chloroflexi, Gaiellaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Family-XⅢ in IgAN patients increased than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with the healthy controls, the species number of Subdoligranulum in IgAN patients was significantly reduced ( P=0.020), and the species number of Ruminococcus- gnavus- group was significantly increased ( P=0.004). (3) At the phylum level of the species number, Firmicutes in IgAN patients was positively correlated to albumin (ALB) ( r=0.637, P=0.037) and IgG ( r=0.452, P=0.046), Gemmatimonadetes was negatively correlated to serum creatinine ( r=-0.453, P=0.045), Verrucomicrobia was negatively correlated to IgM ( r=-0.450, P=0.046), and Patescibacteria was positively correlated to IgA ( r=0.469, P=0.037). At the genus level of the species number, Ruminococcus- gnavus- group ( r=-0.614, P=0.004) and Megamonas ( r=-0.451, P=0.042) were negatively correlated to ALB; Subdoligranulum was positively correlated to ALB ( r=0.563, P=0.009); Dialister was negatively correlated to C3 ( r=-0.427, P=0.041) and was positively correlated to IgA ( r=0.434, P=0.035); Veillonella was positively correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r=0.452, P=0.043). The species numbers of Eisenbergiella ( r=-0.850, P=0.007), Holdemania ( r=-0.845, P=0.008), Flavonifractor ( r=-0.845, P=0.008), and Ruminiclostridium- 9 ( r=-0.845, P=0.008) were negatively correlated to glomerulosclerosis or adhesion (S) of Oxford classification; the species number of Fusicatenibacter was negatively correlated to mesangial hypercellularity ( r=-0.845, P=0.008); the number of Coprococcus- 2 was positively correlated to S ( r=0.738, P=0.037) and tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis ( r=0.756, P=0.030). (4) Random forest model was built with Ruminococcus- gnavus- group and Subdoligranulum, after fitting the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.927. Conclusions:The intestinal flora of IgAN patients is different from that in healthy subjects. Changes of intestinal flora in IgAN patients are related to clinical indicators and renal pathology. In particular, Ruminococcus- gnavus- group and Subdoligranulum may play an important role in IgAN.

Identification of key genes and pathways in minimal change disease by bioinformatics analysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To identify the differentially expressed genes and pathways of minimal change disease (MCD) by bioinformatics analysis, and to explore the pathogenesis of MCD.Methods:The gene expression omnibus (GEO) under the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform of the United States was used, and the data chips GSE104948 and GSE104954 containing MCD information were selected. The data set contained the gene expression array data of 19 cases of MCD renal biopsy tissue and 36 cases of normal renal tissue. The online tool GEO2R was used to analyze data and screen differentially expressed genes, and DAVID 6.8 database was used to perform GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and network analysis of genes involved in metabolic pathways. The String 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to analyze the relationship between MCD differentially expressed genes and perform visual analysis. At the same time, the CytoHubba plug-in was used to analyze the degree of association of protein interaction networks and screen key expressed genes.Results:A total of 302 highly expressed differentially expressed genes were identified by online tool GEO2R. GO analysis showed that the products of these differential genes were mostly located in the extracellular matrix, exosomes, pernucleus and other regions, exerting cell adhesion molecule binding, deoxycytidine deaminase activity, protein homodimerization activity, 2'-5'-oligoadenylic acid synthase activity and other functions, as well as participating in the formation of extracellular matrix, cell lysis, cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, immune response and other biological processes. KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in local adhesion, NOD-like receptor and other signal pathways. Combining the results of GO analysis and Cyto Hubba analysis, the PYCARD gene was screened out as the key gene that induced the inflammatory response in MCD kidney. Conclusions:The inflammatory response may be involved in the occurrence and development of MCD, and the PYCARD gene may be a key gene in the induction of inflammatory response in MCD.

Effect of operation duration on pharmacokinetics of desflurane in patients undergoing tumor resection / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of operation duration on the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.Methods:One hundred and fifty patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 19-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, in whom abnormal preoperative lung function was not found, undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia from November 2019 to March 2020, were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg, cisatracurium besylate 0.2 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg.The patients were tracheally intubated after mechanical ventilation.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of desflurane, the vaporizer dial was adjusted to 6% with fresh gas flow rate of 2 L/min, and sufentanil and cisatracurium besylate were intermittently injected intravenously according to the changes in hemodynamics and degree of muscle relaxation during operation.The duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the volatile tank were recorded.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the operation time: operation time <2 h group (group S), operation time 2-4 h group (group M), and operation time >4 h group (group L). Results:There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in the duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 MAC, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the vaporizer ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Operation duration does not affect the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.

Analysis of the change of pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated regularly for three months / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To observe and compare the changes of pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis regular treatment for 3 months.Methods:From April 2018 to June 2019, 500 tuberculosis patients who received regular anti tuberculosis treatment in our hospital were selected.The pulmonary function of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was measured before treatment and at the end of three months; the results of pulmonary ventilation function, lung volume, diffusing capacity, and the value of forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1), maximum expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC), total lung volume (TLC), residual volume (RV), carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCO) were compared. Results:252 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Before treatment and at the end of three months, the abnormal pulmonary function results were 204 cases (80.95%) and 193 cases (76.59%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Among them, abnormal pulmonary ventilation function is the most common, especially with obstructive, followed by abnormal diffusing capacity. At the end of three months, the proportions of patients with normal pulmonary ventilation function and normal lung volume were higher than that before treatment ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of normal diffusing capacity before and after treatment ( P>0.05). The values of FVC, FEV 1, TLC and D LCO at the end of three months were higher than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-6.414, -6.754, -3.863, -3.311, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have abnormal pulmonary function. At the end of the three months treatment, the normal rates of the pulmonary ventilation function and lung volume as well as the values of FVC, FEV 1, TLC and D LCO in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were significantly improved compared with those before treatment.

Slit/Robo pathway participates in luteal cells apoptosis / 生理学报

This study was aimed to examine the expression and function of Slit/Robo family members in mouse ovary. Real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of Slit/Robo family members, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the location of Slit2 and Robo1 in the ovary. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 in early-, middle- and late-phase corpus luteum (CL) were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Blocking agent ROBO1/Fc chimera was used in the luteal cells in vitro to examine the function of Slit/Robo signaling pathway in mouse CL. The results showed that, among the Slit/Robo family members, the expression levels of ligand Slit2 and receptor Robo1 were the highest in mouse ovarian tissue. Moreover, both of them were specifically expressed in mouse luteal cells. Compared with proestrus ovaries, the expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 mRNA in the ovaries during diestrus were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The mRNA expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 in late-phase CL were significantly increased when compared with pregnant CL. Furthermore, blocking Slit/Robo signaling pathway with ROBO1/Fc chimera in the luteal cells in vitro significantly decreased the apoptotic rate of late luteal cells. These results suggest that Slit/Robo family members are mainly expressed in the late-phase CL of ovary and participate in luteal cells apoptosis.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on autophagy during ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat lungs / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on autophagy during ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat lungs.Methods SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-320 g,were anesthetized with atropine and pentobarbital sodium,and their lungs were excised to establish the isolated lung perfusion model.Thirty lungs in which isolated lung peffusion models were successfully established were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) by a random number table method:control group (C group),lung I/R group (I/R group) and dexmedetomidine group (DEX group).The isolated rat lungs were continuously perfused for 150 min in C group.After 15 main of perfusion,the isolated lungs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion to establish the model of isolated lung I/R injury in I/R group.In DEX group,the isolated lungs were perfused for 15 min with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetomidine,and then subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetomidine.Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) were recorded at 10 min of perfusion and 15,45 and 75 min of reperfusion.Lung tissues were collected at 75 min of reperfusion for measurement of lung wet weight (W) and dry weight (D) and for examination of morphological changes of lung tissues (with a light microscope) and autophagic vacuoles of lung cells (under an electron microscope).The W/D ratio and lung injury score were calculated.The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ) in lung tissues was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with C group,the PVR,W/D ratio and lung injury score were significantly increased,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was up-regulated,and PaO2 was decreased in I/R group and DEX group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the PVR,W/D ratio and lung injury score were significantly decreased,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was down-regulated,PaO2 was increased,and the expression of mTOR and p-mTOR was up-regulated in DEX group (P＜0.05).A lot of autophagic vacuoles of lung cells were found in I/R group,and a few autophagic vacuoles of lung cells were observed in DEX group.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces isolated lung I/R injury is related to inhibiting autophagy in rats.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during lung ischemia?reperfusion in rats: an in vitro experiment / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during lung ischemia?reperfusion(I∕R)in rats. Methods Thirty lungs, which were i?solated from SPF adult male Sprageue?Dawley rats, in which the model of isolated lung perfusion was suc?cessfully established, were divided into 3 groups(n=10 each)using a random number table: sham oper?ation group(S group), I∕R group and dexmedetomidine group(D group). The lungs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea after 15?min ischemia followed by 75 min of reperfusion and ventilation to estab?lish the model of isolated lung I∕R injury. In group D, the lungs were perfused with K?H solution containing 10 nmol∕L dexmedetomidine for 15 min and then subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by ven?tilation and reperfusion with K?H sloution containing 10 nmol∕L dexmedetomidine for 75 min. Airway resist?ance, lung compliance, perfusion flow and partial pressure of arterial oxygen(PaO2)were recorded at 10 min of perfusion(T0)and 15, 45 and 75 min after restoration of perfusion(T1?3). Lung tissues were ob?tained at 75 min after restoration of perfusion for determination of wet∕dry weight ratio(W∕D ratio)and for examination of pathological changes and ultrastructure of lungs. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in lung tissues were measured by improved pyrogallol au?toxidation method and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. The expression of β?endorphin and interleu?kin?8(IL?8)in lung tissues was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, the airway resistance was significantly increased, and the lung compliance, perfusion flow and PaO2were decreased during the perfusion restoration period, the W∕D ratio and content of MDA were increased, the activity of SOD was decreased, and the expression of β?endorphin and IL?8 was up?regulated in I∕R and D groups (P<0.05). Compared with group I∕R, the airway resistance was significantly decreased, and the lung compliance, perfusion flow and PaO2were increased during the perfusion restoration period, the W∕D ratio and content of MDA were decreased, the activity of SOD was increased, the expression of β?endorphin and IL?8 was down?regulated(P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lungs were significantly attenuated in group D. Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces lung I∕R injury may be related to inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response of lung tissues in rats.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on expression of aquaporins 1 and 5 during lung ischemia/reperfusion in rats: an in vitro experiment / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of aquaporins 1 (AQP1) and AQP5 during lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats in an in vitro experiment.Methods SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 250-320 g,were used in this study.Forty-five isolated rat lungs in which the model of isolated lung perfusion was successfully established were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group and dexmedetomidine group (D group).The isolated rat lungs were continuously perfused for 150 min in group S.After 15 min of perfusion,the isolated rat lungs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion to establish the model of isolated lung I/R injury in group I/R.In group D,the isolated rat lungs were perfused for 15 min with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetomidine,and then subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of ventilation and reperfusion with K-H perfusion fluid containing 10 nmol/L dexmedetotnidine.The lung compliance,airway resistance,perfusion flow and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) were recorded at 10 min of perfusion and 15,45 and 75 min after restoration of perfusion.Lung tissues were obtained at 75 min after restoration of perfusion for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for examination of the pathological changes and changes in the uhrastructure.The expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with S group,the airway resistance was significantly increased and lung compliance,perfusion flow and PaO2 were decreased during reperfusion,and W/D ratio was increased in I/R and D groups (P＜0.05),the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was significantly down-regulated in group I/R,and the expression of AQP 1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was significantly up-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the airway resistance was significantly decreased and lung compliance,perfusion flow and PaO2 were increased during reperfusion,W/D ratio was decreased,the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of lung tissues was significantly attenuated in group D.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces I/R injury may be related to up-regulation of the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in rats in an in vitro experiment.

Mice with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis are induced by adriamycin and its mechanism / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To establish adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerular sclerosis(FSGS) mice model,and observe the expressions of and relation between oxidative stress and p38 MAPK signal pathway in renal injury.Methods Eight-week-old male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into FSGS group (n=20) and control group (n=20).In FSGS group mice were intravenously injected with a single dose of adriamycin (0.01 rag/g),and mice in control group were received saline with the same dose.At day 3,7,14,22 and 32,urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (P/C) was detected.At day 22 and 32,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood and urine,and ROS in kidney tissues were detected;changes of pathological morphology in renal tissue were analyzed by HE stain;the expressions of NF-κB,CD36,IL-13,BAX and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected by real time quantitative PCR;the expressions of NF-κB,p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with that in control group,P/C was gradually increasing in FSGS group,and peaked at day 22 (P ＜ 0.05).At day 22 and 32,mice had higher creatinine,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,ROS and NO in FSGS group than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).There were mild hyperplasia of mesangial cells and mesangial matrix,segment with moderate exacerbations,podocytes with significant proliferation,and the capillary loops of the stenosed in the glomerular in FSGS group at day 32.Compared with those in control group,the mRNA expression of NF-κB,BAX,IL-13 and CD36,and the protein expressions of NF-κB and p-p38 MAPK were gradually increased in FSGS group,all showed statistical differences at day 32 (all P＜ 0.05);the expression of p-ERK1/2 was increased at day 22 (P ＜ 0.05) but was reduced at day 32 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adriamycin has induced FSGS in mice successfully,which may through oxidative stress activating p38,up-regulating NF-κB,increasing the inflammatory cytokines and inducing apoptosis pathways.

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differentiation of high- and low-grade urothelial carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of high- and low-grade urothelial carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The radiological data of 96 patients with urothelial carcinomas who had undergone gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound from August 2010 to April 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological examination demonstrated that the tumors were high-grade in 55 cases (high-grade group) and low-grade in 41 cases (low-grade group). The dynamic images were analyzed by time-intensity curve, and the arrival time (AT), peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), and washout time (WT) were measured. The enhancement patterns of different urothelial carcinomas were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both PI (P=0.005) and WT (P=0.002) were significantly higher in high-grade group than in low-grade group, whereas AT (P=0.374) and TTP (P=0.386) showed no significant difference between these two groups. In the high-grade group, 47 cases (85.5%) were identified as fast wash-in and slow wash-out; in the low-grade group, 35 (85.4%) were identified as fast wash-in and fast wash-out. When the enhancement pattern was used as a diagnostic indicator for differentiating urothelial carcinomas, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 85.5%, 90.2%, 87.5%, 92.2%, and 82.2% for high-grade tumor and 85.4%, 90.9%, 88.5%, 87.5%, and 89.3% for low-grade tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Different grade urothelial carcinomas show different enhancement finding on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The enhancement pattern can serve as an important diagnostic indicator.</p>

Establishment of a nomogram for predicting positive repeat prostate biopsy in Chinese men / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of prostate cancer at transrectal ultrasound-guided repeat prostate biopsy in Chinese men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed repeat biopsy for 170 patients with benign prostate diseases diagnosed on the first biopsy, and analyzed the correlation of positive repeat biopsy with age, prostate volume, PSA, free-to-total PSA (f-PSA/t-PSA), PSA velocity, PSA density, results of digital rectal examination (DRE) and previous histology. We entered the variables stepwise into logistic regression models, and established a nomogram for the risk score on the probability of positive repeat biopsy, whose predictive value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prostate cancer was detected in 31.8% of the repeat biopsies (54/170). The most accurate predictive nomogram comprised age, PSA, f-PSA/t-PSA, PSA velocity, prostate volume, DRE and previous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) findings. The nomogram exhibited a high predictive value, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 82.4%, significantly greater than that of the prediction based on PSA density (AUC: 66.9%), prostate volume (AUC: 72.6%), PSA velocity (AUC: 69.6%), f-PSA/t-PSA (AUC: 69.3%), or DRE (AUC: 58.5% ) alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nomogram is an accurate multi-variable predicting tool to determine the probability of positive repeat prostate biopsy.</p>

Development of a nomogram for predicting positive initial prostate biopsy among Chinese patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a predictive nomogram for predicting the prostate carcinoma among Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 556 Chinese male patients who had undergone an initial prostate biopsy in our hospital from July 2004 to February 2009 were enrolled in this study. Variables including age, volume, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, and free PSA (f-PSA)/total PSA (t-PSA) were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the relative risk. Regression equation was established for variables via stepwise regression, via which a nomogram for assessing the positive biopsy results was established, and then the predictive value of this nomogram was evaluated using receiver area under curve (ROC) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of these 556 patients, cancer was detected in 205 patients (36.87%) via biopsies. Univariate analysis showed that age, prostate volume, PSA levels, and f-PSA/t-PSA were the influencing factors of the nomogram. The risk model performed well in an independent sample, with an AUC(ROC) of 0.8767, which was significantly larger than that of the prediction based on age (AUC(ROC) : 0.6397), prostate volume (AUC(ROC) : 0.7255), PSA (AUC(ROC) : 0.7111), or f-PSA/t-PSA (AUC(ROC) : 0.6973) alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A preliminary nomogram with high predictive value for Chinese population was successfully established.</p>

Effect of calcium-sensing receptor on apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 国际儿科学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of calcium - sensing receptor (CaSR) on Fas/Fas ligand (Fas L) pathway during anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)- induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis in neonatal rat. MethodsSingle cells were dissociated from minced hearts of 2 - day - old Wistar rats with a 0. 25％ solution of crude trypsin and then cultured as monolayers at a density of 5 x 104cells/cm2 in DMEM medium equilibrated with humidified air containing 5％ CO2 at 37C. Three days after the cells were seeded, the cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into three groups. ( 1 ) control group: cardiomyocytes were continuously cultured for 26 hours in DMEM medium.(2) A/R group: cardiomyocytes underwent anoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 24 hours.(3) GdCl3 group: 300μmol/L GdCl3 was added to the culture medium at the beginning of reoxygenation. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was assessed by flow cytometer and morphological alterations were observed with transmission electron microscope.The expression of CaSR, Fas and Fas L were analyzed by Western blot.Results The result of flow cytometer showed that cardiomyocytes apoptosis was 12. 18％ ± 1.54％ in A/R group,and was higher than that in the control group (P ＜0. 01 ). At the same time, mitochondrial cristae dissolution and disappearance could be detected. Compared with A/R group, GdCl3, a specific activator of CaSR, further enhanced cardiomyocytes apoptosis to 20. 25％ + 2. 87％ ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), along with an increment in CaSR, Fas and Fas L expressions ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). ConclusionCaSR is closely involved in cardiomyocytes apoptosia during anoxia/reoxygenation. CaSR could induce apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through Fas/Fas L receptor pathway.

Effects of extracellular-signal regulated kinase signaling pathway activation on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats.Methods The hypoxic-ischemic brain damage model of neonatal Wistar rats was established as following:first the right common carotid artery of the rats was ligated;2 h after operation,the rats began to inhale 8%-oxygen oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture lasting for 2 h.Rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham-group,hypoxic-ischemic group and ERK inhibitor PD98059 group (the rats were injected PD98059 2 mg/kg 10 min before the ligation).Six hours after the models were done,hippocampi and cortex of the ligation side of rats in the three groups were collected,and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.Apoptosis of neuron was assessed by TUNEL staining.The expression of ERK1,ERK 2,Bcl-2 and Bax were examined by Western blot.The differences among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA and q test.Results Compared with the sham-group,the MDA level [(342.9± 10.8) μmol/L vs (181.5± 17.0) μmol/L,q= 6.35,P＜0.01) and the apoptosis rate of neuron [(18.80±1.37)% vs (3.53±0.34)%,q=6.06,P＜0.01) of hypoxic-ischemic group was higher,and SOD level was lower [(34.8±4.3) U/ml vs (63.4±4.3) U/ml,q=4.99,P＜0.01].While the apoptosis rate of neuron [(15.53±0.64) %] and MDA level [(252.0± 17.1) μmol/L] of PD98059 group were lower than those of hypoxic-ischemic group(q=3.87 and 5.28,P＜0.01respectively),the SOD level [(51.5 ± 3.8) U/ml] was higher than that of hypoxic-ischemic group (q=4.17,P＜0.01).There were no differences of ERK1 and ERK2 expressions among the three groups.The phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 levels of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.82 and 4.08,P＜0.01) and PD98059 group (q=4.79 and 5.12,P＜0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.55 and 3.42,P＜0.01).Compared with hypoxic-ischemic group,Bcl-2 expression (q=3.71,P＜0.01) of PD98059 group was higher,and Bax expression (q=5.86,P ＜ 0.01) was lower.Conclusions ERK is involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats through regulating the expression of apoptosis protein.

Role of transrectal real-time tissue elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of transrectal real-time tissue elastography (TRTE) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-four patients with suspected PCa and scheduled for prostate biopsies underwent TRTE, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The findings of TRTE were compared with those of other examinations and pathological findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of these 84 patients, 36 had benign lesions and 48 had PCa. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.7%, 72.2%, 83.3%, 81.5%, and 86.7% for TRTE and 85.4%ì63.9%ì76.2%, 75.9%, and 76.7% for TRUS (P>0.05), while its specificity (72.2%) was significantly higher than that of MRI (44.4%) (P=0.03). The TRTE findings were not significantly correlated with the pathological findings and serum total prostate specific antigen (P>0.05), and the diagnostic sensitivity of TRTE decreased along with the enlargement of prostate. However, the diagnostic specificity of TRTE was higher than MRI for nodules with soft to medium texture (P=0.04).For PCa, the diagnostic sensitivity of TRTE increased when the Gleanson scores of tumors increased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TRTE can be used as a diagnostic test to supplement clinical diagnosis of PCa.</p>

Effects of electric pulses on liver cancer cells: apoptosis induction and decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to investigate the effects of electric pulses on cancer cells, we carried out the experiments with exposing HepG2 and L02 to electric pulses (1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz) for different lengths of time (8 s, 15 s, 30 s, 60 s). Annexin V-FITC Kit and Flow cytometry were used to study the apoptosis of treated cells. The results showed that the electric pulses of 1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz for 8 s could not induce tumor cells apoptosis. Apoptosis was observed when tumor cells were stimulated for 15 s and longer, and the apoptosis percentage increased with the increase of stimulation time. Furthermore, tumor cells were more sensitive than normal cells in response to electrical pulses. Rhodamine 123 and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) were used to make a real-time study of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) when the tumor cells were exposed to electric pulses for 60 s. No significant change of Deltapsim was observed within 30 s stimulation. After that, the Deltapsim increased sharply and declined later, suggesting that the mitochondrial pathway may be one of the apoptosis mechanism induced by electric pulses.

Analysis of frequency-domain and window effect for cellular inner and outer membranes subjected to pulsatile electric field / 生物医学工程学杂志

Based on multi-layer dielectric model of spherical biological cell, a simulating method of frequency characteristics of inner and outer membranes is presented in this paper. Frequency-domain analysis showed that inner and outer membranes subjected to pulsed electric field exhibit band-pass and low-pass filter characteristics, respectively. A calculating method of the transmembrane potential of inner and outer membranes induced by time-varying electric field was introduced, and the window effect between electric field and transmembrane potential was also analyzed. When the duration is reduced from microsecond to sub-microsecond, and to nanosecond, the target induced was from the outer membrane to inner membrane gradually. At the same time, the field intensity should be increased to induce corresponding bioelectric effects. Window effect provides theoretical guidance to choosing reasonable parameters for application of pulsatile electric field in tumor treatment.

Transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic 12-core biopsy of the prostate improves prostate cancer detection / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic 12-core biopsy of the prostate for the detection and characterization of prostate cancer in different age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 210 patients were divided into four age groups (< or = 59 yr, 60-69 yr, 70-79 yr, and > or = 80 yr) and five PSA groups (0-4 microg/L, 4.1-10 microg/L, 10.1 -20 microg/L, 20.1-50 microg/L, and > 50 microg/L), and underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic 12-core biopsy of the prostate at various sites for detecting prostate cancer. Clinical data and the results of various biopsy schemes were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety-one cases of prostate cancer were detected among the 210 patients, with a total detection rate of 43.3%, and the percentage was higher with the increase of age and PSA level. Larger and higher-grade tumors were associated with older age and higher PSA level, and higher detection rates were related to laterally directed and apical biopsies. The 12-core biopsy outperformed other biopsy schemes in detecting prostate cancer in patients under 60 years of age and with PSA < 20 microg/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12-core biopsy scheme can make up for the inadequacy of sextant biopsy in detecting prostate cancer, and less influenced by the age and PSA level of the patients. Generally larger and higher-grade tumors are associated with older age and higher PSA level.</p>

Effect of calcium-sensing receptor on anoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocyte of neonatal rats / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective Calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR)belongs to the family C of G-protein coupled receptors.This study was carried out to observe the influence and mechanism of CaSR on anoxia/reoxygenation(A/R)-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis.Methods The model of A/R injury was established through anoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 24 hours in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats.Cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into three groups:control group,A/R group and GdCl3 group(300μmol/L GdCl3 was added to the culture medium at the beginning of reoxygenation).Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).The expression of CaSR,cysteine-requiring aspartate protease(caspase)-3,9 and cytochrom c (Cytc)were analyzed by Western blot.Results The TUNEL showed that cardiomyocytes apoptosis was 17%±3% in A/R group,and was higher than that in the control group.At the same time,expression of CaSR in A/R group was markedly increased in response to control group.Compared with A/R group,GdCl3,a specific activator of CaSR,further enhanced cardiomyocytes apoptosis to (28±4)% and decreased the ability of cardiomyocytes to (51.2±6.8)%,along with an increment in CaSR,caspase-3,caspase-9 and Cytc expressions.Conclusion CaSR is involved in anoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through Cytc-caspase-3 pathway.